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The presidency of Ronald Reagan in the United States was marked by multiple scandals, resulting in the investigation, indictment, or conviction of over 138 administration officials, the largest number for any US president.〔Johnson, Haynes (2003). ''Sleepwalking Through History: America in the Reagan Years'', p. 184. W. W. Norton & Co. Inc., New York. ISBN 0-393-32434-6〕 ==Iran-Contra Affair== (詳細はRonald Reagan conceded that the United States had sold weapons to the Islamic Republic of Iran, as part of a largely unsuccessful effort to secure the release of six U.S. citizens being held hostage in Lebanon. It was also disclosed that some of the money from the arms deal with Iran had been covertly and illegally funneled into a fund to aid the right-wing Contras counter-revolutionary groups seeking to overthrow the socialist Sandinista government of Nicaragua. The Iran-contra scandal as it became known, did serious damage to the Reagan presidency. The investigations were effectively halted when President George H. W. Bush (Reagan's vice president) pardoned Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger before his trial began.〔Brinkley, A. (2009). ''American History: A Survey Vol. II.'', p. 887, New York: McGraw-Hill〕 #Caspar Weinberger, United States Secretary of Defense, was pardoned before trial produced by George H. W. Bush #Elliott Abrams agreed to cooperate with investigators and in return was allowed to plead guilty to two misdemeanor charges instead of facing possible felony indictments. He was sentenced to two years probation and one hundred hours of community service. He was also pardoned by Bush on December 24, 1992 along with five other former Reagan Administration officials who had been implicated in connection with Iran-Contra.〔(Walsh Iran / Contra Report - Summary of Prosecutions )〕 #National Security Advisor Robert C. McFarlane, pleaded guilty to four misdemeanors and was sentenced to two years probation and 200 hours of community service and was ordered to pay a $20,000 fine.〔 He was also pardoned by Bush. #Alan D. Fiers was the Chief of the Central Intelligence Agency's Central American Task Force. He pleaded guilty in 1991 to two counts of withholding information from Congress and was sentenced to one year of probation and one hundred hours of community service. He was also pardoned by Bush.〔〔(Walsh Iran / Contra Report - Chapter 15 William J. Casey )〕 #Richard R. Miller - Partner with Oliver North in IBC, an Office of Public Diplomacy front group, convicted of conspiracy to defraud the United States.〔〔(Walsh Iran / Contra Report - Chapter 13 Private Fundraising: The Guilty Pleas of Channell and Miller )〕 #Clair George was Chief of the Central Intelligence Agency's Division of Covert Operations under President Reagan. George was convicted of lying to two congressional committees in 1986. He was pardoned by Bush.〔〔〔(Walsh Iran / Contra Report - Chapter 17 United States v. Clair E. George )〕 #Richard Secord was indicted on nine felony counts of lying to Congress and pleaded guilty to a felony charge of lying to Congress.〔〔(Walsh Iran / Contra Report - Chapter 9 United States v. Richard V. Secord )〕 #Thomas G. Clines was convicted of four counts of tax-related offenses for failing to report income from the Iran/Contra operations.〔〔(Walsh Iran / Contra Report - Chapter 11 United States v. Thomas G. Clines, a.k.a. ``C. Tea'' )〕 #Carl R. Channel - Office of Public Diplomacy, partner in International Business- first person convicted in the Iran/Contra scandal, pleaded guilty of one count of defrauding the United States〔〔 #John Poindexter, Reagan's national security advisor, was found guilty of five criminal counts including lying to Congress, conspiracy and obstruction of justice. His conviction was later overturned on grounds that he did not receive a fair trial (the prosecution may have been influenced by his immunized testimony in front of Congress.)〔〔(Walsh Iran / Contra Report - Chapter 3 United States v. John M. Poindexter )〕 #Oliver North was indicted on sixteen charges in the Iran/Contra affair and found guilty of three - aiding and abetting obstruction of Congress, shredding or altering official documents and accepting a gratuity. His convictions were later overturned on the grounds that his immunized testimony had tainted his trial.〔〔(Walsh Iran / Contra Report - Chapter 1 United States v. Robert C. McFarlane )〕 #Duane R. Clarridge (US Republican Party) also pardoned before trial by Bush #Albert Hakim pleaded guilty to supplementing the salary of North #Joseph F. Fernandez indicted on four counts of obstruction and false statements; case dismissed when Attorney General Richard L. Thornburgh refused to declassify information needed for his defense 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reagan administration scandals」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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